Amritsar was founded by Guru Ramdas in 1577. Amritsar is the centre of Sikh religion. The command body of the sikhs "Akal Takth" is based in Amritsar in the premises of the magnificient Golden Temple. Golden Temple was initially built in 1761. It was laden with gold plated copper plates in 1802 by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. On the 300 th aniversary of the Khalsa panth couple of years back. The copper plates were replaced with original gold plates. Entire gold weighing hundreds of tons was donated by sikhs from all over the world.

Patiala was once the capital of an independent Sikh state. There is a museum in the Motibagh palace of the Maharaja. The maharajas of the Patiala are still known for their flamboyance. The erstwhile maharaja had 27 Rolce Royce cars and used to live life King Size. Maharaja Bhupendir Singh had 365 wives (one for each night).

Jallianwala Bagh, situated 400 meters north of the Golden Temple, is where the most notorious massacre under the British rule took place. In the afternoon of 13 April, 1919, thousands of people gathered at Jallianwala Bagh for a peaceful demonstration on the Baisakhi day. The ground is surrounded by high walls on all sides and has only a narrow alley for access.

General Dyer personally led his troops to the site. Standing on the only access way, he ordered his men to open fire without any warning resulting in the death of 337men, 41 boys and one baby and injuring more than 1200. A section of the wall with visible bullet marks is preserved, as is the well that some people jumped into to escape the bullets. 120 bodies were recovered from the well. Today this ground has been changed to a memorial park. At the entrance there is a memorial plaque which recounts the history.